Bmgt Quiz

QUIZ # 3: BMGT 110 SECTION I 1. One or more of your colleagues encountered the quote, which follows. And at first they gave it little or no thought. It read: â€Å"[p]rovide America’s taxpayers top quality service by helping them understand and meet their responsibilities and by applying the tax law with integrity and fairness to all†? In a couple of words what kind of statement is this: IRS Mission Statement. 2. Which type of merger is likely to receive the closest examination by the Federal Trade Commission? c. | horizontal merger| | 3.For its favorable legal climate, as well as the ease and simplicity of its incorporation process, DELAWARE is the most popular state in the USA for the incorporation of many members of the Fortune 500. 4. When the Small Business Administration (SBA) assists a small business in applying for a major loan, it acts as the lender’s ________. d. | Guarantor| | | 5. Although the average farm size has gotten ________, the majority of far mers operate as ________ businesses. | | b. | larger; small| 6. Dell Computer founder Michael Dell and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates are two well-known examples of ________. a. | social entrepreneurs| | | 7. ________ are currently the largest group of minority business owners in the United States. c. | Hispanics| 8. Apple Computer, FedEx, Staples, and many other well-known companies used ________ when they were start-ups. b. | Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) financing| 9. A credit union is an example of a(n): b. | privately held corporation| | | 10. An Acquisition agreement is one firm’s purchase of the property and obligations of another company. [And a leveraged buyout (LBO) generally entails employees, management, or a group of investors purchasing a business organization primarily through borrowing . . . ]. 11.A FRANCHISE pertains to the rights to use a specific business name and sell its inventory of goods and services in a given territory or location. 3 12. W hich form of business â€Å"ownership† has a legal entitlement for having its liability separate from that of its owner(s)’ personal assets? SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP. 13. Based on their statements, which form of business ownership was personally preferred by most of our colleagues? SOLE OWNERSHIP SECTION II 14. A colleague wants to start a business. He takes a personality test and discovers he possesses a trait that may reduce the likelihood he will succeed. Which of the following is that trait? . | none of the above. but the textbook says it is Internal Locus| 15. The EPA promotes the development of businesses focusing on clean energy. a. | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | 16. C are specific geographic areas designated for economic revitalization. | 17. Which of the following companies has the longest and best-known record of encouraging intrapreneurship? b. | 3M| 4 18. One of our colleagues wants to start a new business but her bank will not lend her the money she needs. This colleague saw an advertisement sponsored by a business organization that provides financing for promising small companies.The organization sponsoring the advertisement would be considered a(n) ________. a. | venture capitalist| SECTION III 19. Which of the following statements is correct? b. | Dot-coms have lower costs than bricks and mortar retailers with online operations. | 20. A colleague’s company spent $50,000 to attract 10,000 online visitors to her Web site. If the conversion rate is 5 percent, her company spent ________ to attract each customer. b. | $50| 21. When it comes to using wikis—the following is recommended. a. Wertfreiheit (is of the German tongue, meaning ethical neutrality) 5 SECTION IV 22.Motivation is hereby described: as the interaction between a person or persons and a situation; it is the process by which a person or person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining objectives and goals. Douglas McGreg or is associated with the: B. Theory X and Y 23. Maslow is associated with the: I 24. Herzberg is associated with the: M a. Theory X and Y b. Two-Factor Theory c. need for achievement (nAff) d. none of the above 25. The Three-Needs Theory (nAch; nAFF; and nPow) is associated with: e. David L. Kurtz f. Peter Drucker and his MBO. . . . g. David McClelland h. none of the above

Introduction to Ergonomics

Dafpus skripsi Bridger, R. S. 1995. Introduction to Ergonomics. International Editions. Singapore : McGraw- Hill Book Co. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. 2010. Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the EU-Facts and Figures. http://osha. europa. eu/en/publications/reports/TERO09009ENC (diakses pada tanggal 17 September 2012) Health and Safety Executive Authority. 2004. Getting to Grips with Manual Handling. UK : sss http://www. hse. gov. uk/pubns/indg143. df (diakses pada tanggal 17 September 2012) Health and Safety Authority. 2005. Guidance on the Management of Manual Handling in the Workplace.http://www.hsaeng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Retail/Management_Manual_Handling. pdf (diakses pada tanggal 17 September 2012) Kurniawidjaja, L. Meily. 2010. Teori dan Aplikasi Kesehatan Kerja. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press). Nurmianto, Eko. 2004. Ergonomi: Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasinya, 2nd. Ed. Surabaya: Penerbit Guna Widya. Tarwaka, dkk. 2004. Erg onomi untuk Kesehatan, Keselamatan, & Produktivitas. Edisi I, Cetakan I. Surakarta: UNIBA Press. Santoso, Gempur, Dr. , Drs. , M. Kes. 2004. Ergonomi: Manusia, Peralatan, dan Lingkungan. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka Publisher. Sastrowinoto, Suyatno, Ir. 1985. Meningkatkan Produktivitas dengan Ergonomi. Jakarta: PT Pustaka Binaman Pressindo. Suma’mur, P. K. , Rd. , MSc. 1989. Ergonomi untuk Produktivitas Kerja. Jakarta: CV. Haji Masagung.Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Commission of New Brunswick. 2010. Ergonomics Guidelines for Manual Handling, 2nd. Ed. , Australia : Worksafe NB, http://www. worksafenb. ca/docs/MANUALEdist. pdf (diakses pada tanggal 03 Agustus 2012) WorkCover New South Wales Authority. 2012. Manual Handling Black Spots: Manufacturing. Industry Reference Group, http://www. workcover. nsw. gov. au/formspublications/pages/manualhandlingmanufacturing. aspx (diakses pada tanggal 06 November 2012)

An Analysis of White Butterfly Essays - Ezekiel Easy Rawlins

An Analysis of White Butterfly In all of his books, Walter Mosley captures the environment and personalities of African Americans throughout post WWII history. His first book A Devil in a Blue Dress was met with instant acclaim. In this book he introduced one of the most unique sleuths that the literary world had seen. This 20th century Sherlock's name is Easy Rawlins. In each Easy Rawlins mystery, Mosley brings out a certain aspect of his protagonist's life and uses it as a subplot. In his third mystery, White Butterfly, Mosley looks at the relationship between Easy and his wife, Regina. The story starts off with Easy enjoying a quiet Saturday afternoon with his family. He has two children, Jesus and Edna. Jesus is a young Mexican boy who Rawlins took in and kept as his own. The young boy had been abused when he was young. In fact, he had been sold to a sick man as a sex object. As a result, Jesus was psychologically scarred. He does not speak a word to anyone, especially men. As Easy is resting on his porch, two plain clothes detectives pull up onto the Watts street in front of Rawlins' house. As they approach him, Easy knows that there is something big going on that he doesn't want to get into. The detectives, Quinten Naylor and Roland Hobbes, convince Easy to take a ride with them. The take him to a murder scene where a black prostitute has been brutally murdered. Since Easy is know for his work around the black community as a private detective, they ask for his help. Easy respectfully declines, even after Naylor tells him that two other girls h! ave been murdered by the same man. Easy is greatly shaken by these murders, so he heads to a local bar to drown his sorrows in alcohol. He heads home to his waiting wife, who notices that he is inebriated. He then proceeds to rape his wife; all the while thinking that she is willing. This is highly important because it is the beginning of the subplot involving Easy and his wife. In the morning, Easy wakes up to a quiet house. His wife is preparing breakfast and does not notice him. Easy walks up to her, not knowing what happened the previous night and tries to talk to her. When Regina informs Easy that he raped her, Easy replies, "Man cain't rape his own wife". This is the beginning of the end for this relationship. Later on that day, after everyone has left the house, Easy is again visited by Naylor and Hobbes. This time, though, they bring friends. Along with the tow detectives is the LA police chief and one of the mayor's aides. Apparently the same murderer who killed the three black women has! now killed a white woman. Here we see the blatant racism of the era. No one cared as long as black women were being killed, but now that a white woman has been killed, the city is in an uproar. Easy, being the man that he is, lets the policemen know just that. He refuses to help the police find the killer again. This time, though, the chief of police threatens to arrest Easy's best friend Mouse. Easy has no choice but to help. He goes out that night to various brothels and finds out a promising lead to the murderer. He relays that information to the police and returns home for the night. Regina is waiting for Easy once again, and asks him why he doesn't talk to her about his past. Easy has led quite a checkered life, doing favors for people here and there. He is also quite rich, but he doesn't let anyone know this. Easy, being the communicative man that he is, doesn't tell his wife a thing. Yet another wedge is being driven into the gap forming between Easy and Re! gina. That night Easy receives a call from Mouse's lady friend. Mouse has been arrested. Easy rushes down to the police station and bails Mouse out. While doing this he runs into Quinten Naylor who lets Easy know that information is not enough. He must track down

History Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

History Quiz - Assignment Example Congress was not given the authority to levy taxes. It could only request the various states to contribute to the common treasury. This was the reason why the taxes were levied by the state legislatures. The Articles of Confederation was delayed by almost five years due to the fight between Maryland and Virginia concerning the land claims. It was finally approved by Maryland and the articles came into effect. In 1776, when the declaration of independence was passed, all the states of the United States drafted and adopted new constitutions that helped to a greater degree in the formation of the modern constitution. This step shows that government can be formed by â€Å"reflection and choice† rather than by â€Å"force† or â€Å"accident†. Women in New Jersey were allowed to vote in the same condition as the men, that is if they were the owner of specific properties. As the married women did not have any right to property, hence, they were disallowed to vote. Thus, in this respect, unmarried women and widows with property only had the right to vote. Mary Dewees visited Lexington on 1st December being escorted by Mr. Gordon and lady. She says that Country Lexington is a clever little town with a courthouse and jail and few pretty good buildings in it chiefly log. The people were genteel there and the lady envisioned good times for herself. With the passage of time and increase in population the various needs of the people changed. To keep a tab on the varying needs and help the individuals to understand the current affairs and have a stack on things the census was conducted. Alexander Hamilton was faced by a huge national debt. To solve this problem James Madison and Thomas Jefferson suggested a compromise. They promised to support locating national capital on the banks of the Potomac River that was a border between the two southern states, Maryland and Virginia in support of exchange of southern votes.

Market Research for Banking Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Research for Banking Industry - Essay Example However, situations changed and matters about financial growth caused a lot of individuals lose sight of the possibility of losing track of the development and falling off the trail towards freedom and financial progress. This is what has happened among bank industries as they face the world's most devastating situation of global financial crisis. The imbalance of monetary distribution has now caused many ordinary people who were basically the main clients of local bank branches are now opting to spend their money than save it since what they are earning now is just enough for their daily needs. Meanwhile, those who have better options of saving some of their earnings are becoming cautious about picking the right bank to which they are to invest their money in. In this regard, the banking industry has become a much sceptical commercial branch that needs to be supported through advancement and systemic progress at present so as to allow the smaller financial institutions such as local and rural banks to have at least a "say" in the current competition that they are involved in which practically includes the bigger names of larger banking organizations. In the study that follows, a proposal of a proper research on how bank consumers view their bank hosts and how they are able to choose over a lot of financial organizations offering them different options of service and saving shall be presented and discussed. This discussion is expected to have a great impact in the process by which smaller banking entities are able to operate successfully in the industry that they have chosen to join. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Formulation of Research Propositions 5 2. The Focus Group 6 3. Observations and Analysis 7 4. Interview Probe 8 4.1 Sample Population 13 4.2 Control of Variables Involved 13 4.3 Handling Ethical Issues 14 5. Case Study Presentation 14 6. Expectations 15 7. References 16 1. Formulation of Research Propositions Banks are of course are among the most important institutions in the human society today. Being the bonds that hold the finances of the people, they also stand as the epitome of the society's development when it comes to economic advancement. However, with the peak of the global financial crisis happening at present, it could not be denied that banks too have quite lost the attracting factor that they have on target clients years before the crisis began. With all these issues impending to affect the decisions of bank consumers, it could seen how the level of interest that the people have towards the intensity of their investments and how they are to manage their earnings that involves bank based investments have already decreased. Saving up money may be only a second priority to many as not so many have any spare budget to save in the bank anymore (WSB, 2009 , Internet) . Apparently, average families earn only as much as they could use for the day and have at least only 20% of their annual income actually dedicated to savings. (Rothbard, 1983, 45) Yes, although banks had been the worldwide economic backbone on the past, it could still not be denied that the entire procedure of taking into consideration the fact that this industry is already at its

Nanotechnology Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nanotechnology - Annotated Bibliography Example The purpose of the site is to explain the basic concepts related to nanotechnology and refer to the latest news, events and articles. The author Earl Boysen was a co-author of the book Nanotechnology for Dummies (Richard Booker & Earl Boysen, Wiley Publishing). He started the website with view to explaining the concepts in book in simpler understandable format. I am recommending this site because the website contains excerpts from the book Nanotechnology for Dummies further explaining the concepts in detail. It is a good resource for gaining a basic understanding of the field and to remain in touch with the latest research activities. It provides links to resources and articles for further reading, lists the descriptions of jobs available in the field. It even provides a simple lesson plan for the students of middle and high schools. The purpose of the site is to host a complete book related to the basics of nanotechnology online. The author Drexler, K. Eric, Ph.D., is an active researcher and author of a number of conference and journal articles besides this book. His work mainly focuses on the advanced nanotechnologies and the directions of the current research. He also served as Chief Technical Consultant to the Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems and is currently working with World Wildlife Fund exploring nanotechnology-based solutions to global problems such as energy and climate change. I am recommending this site because the entire book is available online in html format. The book covers the basic context, concept and possible applications of nanotechnology and therefore can be used as a good creative study reference guide. The purpose of the site is providing latest research and development news, articles, resources and a blog on nanotechnology and its applications as well as any raised issues. The publisher, Foresight Institute is a

3 Ways to Get Better Ideas from Your Diverse Team Article

3 Ways to Get Better Ideas from Your Diverse Team - Article Example The information contained in the article is clearly related to business communication. Communication has been acknowledged as a crucial factor in the work setting. The process is relevant in terms of ensuring that messages sent are accurately understood, as intended. The effective communication process is deemed important in facilitating the achievement of explicitly defined goals. From the information relayed in the article, it was evident that despite theories on effective communication and managing a diverse workforce, contemporary organizations still meet challenges in soliciting inputs, ideas, comments from members of a team. As disclosed, due to diversity in cultural orientations, some team members allegedly hesitate to be open in expressing their ideas due to personal values, traditional beliefs, or fear of rejection. Therefore, it is highly commendable that Hyun recommended leaders to encourage the free flow of ideas, and set rules to address and manage potential conflicts or misunderstanding. One therefore agrees and hereby affirm that to ensure effective communication from a team of diverse members, leaders must be able to clearly establish policies and procedures that promote a conducive environment of open communication, trust, support, empowerment, and rewards based on positive values and philosophies.

Read the column by Eugene Robinson about the Trayvon Martin shooting Essay

Read the column by Eugene Robinson about the Trayvon Martin shooting. Summarize the main point he is trying to make, and discuss how he uses history to make his point - Essay Example He uses  history  to  determine  that racism is not a new phenomenon but an  act  that has been in  occurrence  since prehistorical times. The  black  men have always had a  mark  on them against all evils and have had to tread carefully wherever and whenever they went. Historically racism directed to all non  white  populations, but currently even other non white races discriminate against the black. For instance, the discrimination of Zimmerman, who is Hispanic, against a black  Trayvon. Through history, he  further  criticizes and mocks the legal and social practices within the societies today. Racism in the past, such as the killing of Till at 14 in Mississippi for flirting with a white woman, was an  evil  act  even though it had mutual  recognition  and practice among all races. In present society, there are laws against racism, and that seems to be accepted within society which make it even more troubling that such acts still  occur  today such as the killing of  Trayvon  martin for walking the â€Å"wrong place and  time†. Even with a black family in the white house and all seaming well, such acts still  occur  in society and the law  still  finds loopholes to defend their

An Intelligence View of Music Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

An Intelligence View of Music Education - Essay Example This certainly puts a whole new perspective on music education. Parents and teachers can now understand the great potential that resides un-explored in the mind of a child and know that music holds the key to unlock that potential. The narrative style is very simple and easy to follow. That is another achievement by Dr Harvey as he has spared us the high-sounding, difficult to pronounce technical jargon associated with brain studies. Sequential details make it easy to follow the chronology of development in this field. The under-tone of the article is that after knowing the unique qualities of music education, it does not have to remain an "extra-curricular" activity. As Ives said, "Music expands my mind and challenges me to be a true individual". That is good enough reason to make music education a part of education curriculum. Research Proposal Music Education - Just Arts or Smarts "Music is about communication, creativity, and cooperation, and, by studying music in school, students have the opportunity to build on these skills, enrich their lives, and experience the world from a new perspective". These words of former President Bill Clinton sum up the point of view of music education proponents. The advocates of music education consider music education essential for development of both intellectual and aesthetic faculties. Several studies have confirmed that music directly enhances learning through increased spatial development. Math and reading are improved by learning rhythms and decoding notes and symbols. So there appears to be cross disciplinary learning in music.[1]. On the internet, www.childrenmusicworkshop.com is a strong advocate of music education. They say that, "it is...â€Å"Music is about communication, creativity, and cooperation, and, by studying music in school, students have the opportunity to build on these skills, enrich their lives, and experience the world from a new perspective†. These words of former President Bill Clinton sum up the point of view of music education proponents. The advocates of music education consider music education essential for development of both intellectual and aesthetic faculties. Several studies have confirmed that music directly enhances learning through increased spatial development. Math and reading are improved by learning rhythms and decoding notes and symbols. So there appears to be cross disciplinary learning in music.[1]. On the internet, www.childrenmusicworkshop.com is a strong advocate of music education. They say that, â€Å"it is an anomaly that while music is undermined in our public schools as a legitimate subject for serious study, there is a rise in the body of research demonstrating that music is a valuable tool for educators. Those who consider music to be an extra-curricular activity unworthy of inclusion as a core subject are overlooking the unique qualities that music instruction provides to all children†. [2]. In the words of Dr Arthur Harvey of the University of Hawaii (Manoa) :- â€Å"Three major developments in recent years have strengthened our position in promoting music as a significant and research supported discipline that ought to be the core of the curriculum.

Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation Essay Example for Free

Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation Essay American history Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alexander Hamilton was a very controversial man of his age and he was a gifted statesman who was brought down by serious faults of arrogance, extreme candor and stubbornness. Hamilton’s career and life were marked by a dramatic rise to heroism, tragedy and scandal (Hamilton Morris, 1957). However his contributions are still evident. As the Secretary of the Treasury in the turbulent early years of the state, Hamilton spearheaded the transformation of young nation into industrial powerhouse. American experience is a 2-hour documentary which features actor Brian F. O’ Byrne, Tony Award winning Broadway who is the most controversial founding father in America. American Experience brings to life most persuasive stories of the past which inform people’s understanding of the contemporary world. This film is more than just a history lesson due to its attention to Hamilton’s peccadilloes and psychology (Nelson, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamilton’s public life and also the policies that he advocated are granted plenty of attention since they are very interesting. The most fascinating thing is the comparison which is inevitable between then and today, and how conflict of ideas that started soon after the contemporary nation was instituted is still evident (Hogeland, 2007). Hamilton devoted his entire life on creating the United States to be a better nation. The documentary shows how united stated was able to develop quickly from the newborn nation under the watch of Hamilton becoming the one of the strongest economies around the world, making the Louisiana Purchase a reality, the size of the united states doubled, the building of railroads and canals, and establishment of heavy industry which helped in fueling the development of the largest cities in United states (Murray, 2007). The film also shows how Hamilton advocated for a central government that was strong and an economy based upon manufacturing –ideas and commerce which was deemed as radical by many individuals. He advocated for equality, opposed slavery and also led to birth of a two-party system in America (Hamilton Frisch, 1985). References Nelson, S. (Director). (2011). American experience [Documentary]. united states: PBS Distribution. This film covered Hamilton’s short life, one that had more than its share of tragedy, heroism and scandal. It also shows the achievements and his contributions towards developing United States. Hamilton, A., Morris, R. B. (1957). Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation. New York: Dial Press. This book illustrates the short life lived by Alexander Hamilton and also how he founded United States. In this regard the book explains his many contributions and developments that transformed United States for the better. Hamilton, A., Frisch, M. J. (1985). Selected writings and speeches of Alexander Hamilton. Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. This book shows Hamiltons speeches and writings. I t also shows the policies that he advocate including how he was fighting for equality and opposing slavery. Hogeland, William. â€Å"Inventing Alexander Hamilton†. Boston Review 32:6 (Nov/Dec 2007); 21-24 This article how Alexander Hamilton founded and developed America from being a weak nation to a strong nation. This article also depicts his life and many policies that he initiated to develop the United States. Murray, J. A. (2007). Alexander Hamilton Americas forgotten founder. New York: Algora Pub.. This book also shows Hamiltons controversial life and also many policies that he advocated towards achieving equality for all and for a better United States. Source document

Analysis of Brazilian Health Care Context

Analysis of Brazilian Health Care Context Introduction More than over three decades of Alma Ata PHC declaration, the goal of health for all remain elusive in many countries of Sub – Saharan Africa and a wide gulf exist within and remain in countries such as South Africa. The 1978 Alma Ata declaration underlies the importance of PHC and informs the need for actions to be taken by governments so as to promote the health of the world population. The declaration expressly stated an overall philosophy, strategies for organizing and strengthening the health system, guided by the principles of equity, social justice and health as a right to all. South Africa like any other developing nation faces a wide variety of health-related challenges. The afflictions of waterborne illness and nutritional deficiency are some of the challenges affecting low income communities in the country. Vaccine-preventable diseases impact negatively on the lives of millions of people as well as infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV and AIDS. Thus, it is imperative that in order to improve the health outcomes of a country such as South Africa, social determinants of health should be improved coupled with the standard of living. The health system facing developing countries are not only great, the capacity and the wherewithal to address those challenges are lacking and not readily available in most cases. Efforts should be geared towards strengthening the health systems through the provision of adequate resources that should include both human and financial resources. In reality, resources would never be enough to strengthen the health systems, but there is a need to maximize the available resources to bolster the health systems so as to make them operate more efficiently. The only way to ensure that health systems work efficiently is to have a reliable data on its performance. In this way, interventions could be devised and executed based on the results of the data. It is pertinent to say that the data provided should be timely and accurate so that intervention provided could be measured. Since the advent of democracy in South Africa, efforts have been made to improve and strengthen district health system and primary health care. These efforts include structural and policy changes, removing access barriers through the delivery of free primary health care, the enactment of national health act and execution of priority health programmes. It is pertinent to say that these interventions have made access and care available to the majority of South Africans, the early giant stride have been compromised by South Africa’s burden of disease, lack of management skill, low morale among staff of the health department, and structural defect between policy intentions and outcomes. The commitment to overhaul the health system made the health minister undertook a visit to Brazil in 2010 with the intention to improve primary health care services. The aim is to address the South Africa’s disease burden, improve health outcome, access and affordability while ensuring responsiveness to the needs of the population. In the light of the visit made to Brazil, a comparative assessment of the health system in Brazil and South Africa will be conducted. The Brazilian Context In Brazil, health is a constitutional right and responsibility of the state. After the so called â€Å"Big Bang† legislative reform of the new Federal constitution in 1988, the National Health System and the Family health programme were implemented incrementally over the next 20 years (Pan American Health Organization; Health systems and services Profile Brazil. Brasà ­lia, D. F., Brazil: Pan American Health organization, February 2008). The Brazilian national health system (Sistema Unico de Saude or SUS) is organized on the principles of universal access, comprehensiveness, decentralization, hierarchization, and community participation. This encompasses public health in general and health care delivery services to individuals. To execute the lofty programme of the SUS, the Family Health Programme (Programa Saude da Familia, PSF) was created in 1994 and become the national strategy in 2006. The PSF follows a community concept while laying emphasis on the establishment of a close relationship between the health care providers and the community. It serves as a common portal of entry for all primary health programmes and is formed on the beliefs that will ensure continuity, total care and coordination of the health care services. Considerable improvement has been seen in Brazil’s public health in the past decade. These improvement are particularly noticeable in maternal and child health. There is also increase in life expectancy while infant and mortality rates are on the decline. There seems to a pointer that al health millennium development goals will be achieved. It is worth saying that effective steps have been taken to address poverty while improving social determinants of health in once the most u nequal country in the world. A brief description of the Brazilian health care context A health care reform aiming at achieving equity represented an extraordinary challenge for a country the size of Brazil, with a population of more than 180 million and significant social, economic, cultural, and environmental diversity. The federal constitution of 1988 was enacted after years of militarism. It defined three pillars of health care reform; health as a broad concept that goes beyond the absence of disease; health care as a right of citizens and a duty of the state; and the establishement of the National Health system, the SUS. (Paim JS, Health care reform in Brazil, contribution for comprehension and criticisms. Salvador, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil: Edufba/Editoria FIOCRUZ, 2008). In Brazil, while public health is provided exclusively by the public sub-sector, individual care is provided by a public-private mix. The public sub-sector has two segments: the SUS for the whole population and another segment whose access is restricted to public employees (civilian and military), and is financed by public resources and contributions from beneficiaries. Principles and development of the National Health System in Brazil In the last 20 years the Brazilian health care system has achieved outcomes in realizing its principles. At a glance, universal access and decentralization have been identified as the most implemented principles. Community [articipation has brought about important results. However, the expected social accountability of the health system remains doubtful. Hierarchization, in a nutshell regionalization and coordination among services, has been reinforced since early 2000 and emphasized by the present government. In terms of the universal access the public system offers health care services on a massive scale. In 2006, it provided nearly 2.3 billion outpatients procedures, 300 million medical consultations and 12 million hospitalizations. (Pan American Health Organization. Health systems and Services Profile Brazil. Brazilia, D.F, February 2008). The growth of a national primary care strategy, the Family Health Programme has demonstrated good outcomes in improving access expecially for the poor. (Rocha R, Soares R. Evaluating the impact of community Based Health interventions: evidence from Brazil’s Family Health Programme. Bonn, Germany: Institute for the study of Labour (IZA), April 2009. For instance, the last national household survey, done in 2008, showed that among an expected 57.6 million households, 27.5 million declared they were enrolled in the Family Health programme. (2008 National Household Survey: An overview of Health in Brazil. Access and utilization of services; population health status; risk factors and health protection) Rio de Janeiro2010). The development of PHC delivery model The Family Health programme was initially proposed as an addition to the community health workers programme that had been running in some states of Brazil. The FHP was first officially implemented in 1994 and was based on municipal experiences in experimenting with alternatives to traditional basic care. The establishment of the teams has been the responsibility of the municipalities. However, when the programme begun municipalities as providers received financial resources from the federal government for the maintenance of the team based on a fee for service compensation model. In 2006 the programme received an important upgrade. The National policy of primary care (PNAB) was published by the ministry of Health, amplifying the PHC concept and scope. (Ministry of Health B. National Primary Care Policy. In: care DoP.Vol. 4 ed. Brasilia, DF, 2007). The family health units (FHU) are under the responsibility of the municipalities. In order to ensre access the PNAB recommends that one family health units with three or four Family Health Teams (FHT) be responsible for PHC provision for a maximum of 12,000 inhabitants of the territory for which it has responsibity. However, in a high population density urban areas, this is not always a reality. For rural areas with low density, this number is smaller because teams are distributed in order to facilitate access for dispersed populations. Each FHU must be located within its territory or responsibility.(Ministry of Health B. National Primary Care Policy. In: care DoP. Vol. 4 ed. Brazilia, DF, 2007). All the team members in the programme are required to work full time, but this is not a reality throughout the whole country. According to Barbosa, (2009) only 62% of doctors and 82% of nurses confirmed the work full time nationally. These professionals often work in other settings of the public health care system as well, or sometimes in private practice. Additional profesionals may integrate with these teams according to the health needs of the local population and the decision of the municipal manager in agreement with the municipal council. In 2007 the federal heath ministry began financing a support group of 5 professionals for every 8 to 10 family health teams including psychologists, social workers, physiotherapist, speech therapist, paediatrician, gynaecologists, homeopathic doctors, psychiatrists, acupuncturists, and physical educators. (more health; a right for all 2008 – 2011. Brazilia; DF Brazil, 2008). The municipal government has to find a better match for the local level needs according to the availability of profesionals Outcomes and Impact of the Family Health Programme in Brazil The oucomes and the impact of any programme can be evaluated in several dimensions. The Brazilian health sysystem could be analysed based on starfield’s proposed dimensions: access and first contact, ensuring the principle of of universal care of the system; innovation in the health care provision, ensuring the comprehensiveness and longitudinal of care; and the promotion of equity in health indicators. The expansion of the programme has been remarkable in terms of meeting the ministry health’s goals. In December 2009, the programme got to 30328 teams and 234 767 community health workers covering over 100 million inhabitants in 5349 municipalities in all region of the country. (Ministry of Health B. Department of Primary Care Website Brazilia2012). It is worth saying that one of the key components of the Brazilian heal system is public support. Studies conducted in different part of the country comparing traditional basic units and Familiy health units shows higher user satisfaction with family health units.(Macinko J, Almeida C, de Sa PK. A rapid assessment methodology for the evaluation of primary care organization and performance in Brazil Health Policy Plan 2007). The coverage extension has moved closer to ensuring universal access to the health system as mandated by the Brazilian constitution. The changes to the teams’ work practices have enhanced comprehensiveness by putting together primary care, public health and health promotion activities. (Peres EM, Andrade AM, Dal Poz MR, Grande NR. The practice of physicians and nurses in the Brazilian Family Health Programme: Hum Resou Health 2006;4:25). Studies evaluating the family health programme using the infant mortality rate, with ecological designs have shown positive effects on reduction of infant mortality rate. (Aquino R, de Oliveira NF, Barreto ML. impact of the family health programme on infant mortality in Brazilian municipalities; AM J Public Health 2009 ;99(1):87-93). Even though the results are very promising at the national level, there are significant discrepancies between provinces and municipalities. These may suggest the need to better understand the keey components of the programme that are responsible for the results. Comparative assessment with the South African System South Africa health system has evolved over the past decade. From a 5 year planning frameworks since 1994 to consolidation of the health system while making substansive inputs to resolving the human resource issues. Although, capacity building programmes for managers were initiated, the bulk of the health professionals other than nurses works in the private sector. This is slightly different from the brazillian context in which majority of health care practitioners are fully involved in the Family health programme. Primary health care system has always been the focal point of the health system in South Africa over the past decade. A lot of efforts has gone into implementing the programmes in all the pronvinces of the country. Racial and gender bias had been largely eliminated coupled with the provision infrastructues to deal with the burden of the South African disease.Unlike the Brazilian model, sufficient attention has not been paid to its implementation. This includes provision of holistic comprehensive health care services to the communities, emphasizing disease prevention, health promotion and community participation. The Brazilian health programme had been population focussed unlike the South African model. Services has not been taken to the people. Adequate attention has not been given to health measurement outcomes. In other words there has been no basis for improvements coupled with the outbreak of HIV epidemic in the Sub-Saharan Africa. The district health sysystem has been the focal point through which Primary health care is delivered in South Africa. It comprises of the district hospital, community health centre and clinics with each of those set up having its own target population. The ideal scenario is for each clinic to have its own PHC team the will render services to both the clinic and the community. Faclities should be supported by specialist support teams to cater for the needs of the population. As part of delivering health care, it has been recommended that the district health management team purchse the services of some private health providers where these services are not available to the public sector. It is a known fact that there has been success stories of the primary health care system. Brazil has been a success story. There has been dramatic improvement in the health oucomes of Brazil compare to that of South Africa. There is a poor health indicators outcomes in the South African health system compared to the resources been invested. This may be due to the overwhelming impact of HIV and AIDS. Brazil health care system in a three tieir federation comprising of the federal government, state and municipalities. The unified health system is founded on the principles that health is a right and state duty. It is founded on the basis of universal coverage, care and equity which allows most of the population to be covered. The Brazilian health system in not all smooth sailing. Issues such as high cost, scarcity or resources heve bedevilled the system. (Celia R. P. and Ana C. P. G., Human resources for health and decentralization policy in the Brazilian health system, Human Resources for Health, 9(12) (2011). While South Africa is one of the most developed economies in Africa, its primary health care programme has followed a traditional approach from top to bottom. Unlike Brazil, there are two policies implementation by PHC. There is universal access to health by all South Africans and provision of free health care for pregnant women and children. There are gaps in the implementation of the South Africa Primary health care programme. This gap include migration of health care professionals, lack of resources, the skewed distribution of personnel in public and private sector, lack skill and low morale among staffs coupled with the absence of managerial expertize. (Heunis J. C., Van Rensburg H. C. and Claasens D. L., Assessment of the implementation of the implementation of the primary health care package at selected sites in South Africa. CurationSIS, 29, 37-46 (2006). In most rural areas of South Africa, health system are not readily availavailable and where it is available, it is purchased at high exhorbitant cost. (De Jager J. and Du Plooy T., Service quality assurance and tangibility for public health care in South Africa, Acta Commercii, 7, 96-117, (2007). One of the challenges facing South Africa health system includes lack of financial resources, dedication of staff implementing the programme, lack of material commitment, How to change management practices, community participation and munltisectoral collaboration. In view of this, there is a need for health system re-engineering

Free College Essays - Analysis of Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser :: Sister Carrie Essays

An Analysis of Sister Carrie It was 1889; Carrie Meeber, an eighteen-year-old girl, was boarding a train from Columbia City to start a new life with her sister and her family in Chicago. Columbia City was a small town that did not have much to offer to anyone who wanted to make something of themselves. But in Chicago Carrie believed she would be able to find work and get good money. Chicago, in 1889, had the peculiar qualifications of growth, which made such adventuresome pilgrimages even on the part of young girls plausible1[1]. When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse2[2]. Once Carrie arrived in Chicago and settled in with her sister and her husband she started to see that living in Chicago was not going to be as easy as she thought. She had to get a job and pay rent, not to mention buy the things that she wished to. Most women stayed at home to take care of her children, make meals, keep house, and to care for the sick in the late nineteenth century3[3]. Only five percent of married women held jobs outside the home in 19004[4]. But some did go out looking for work in order to help their family out as much as possible with their bills. Carrie wanted to go out and make something of herself. Trying to find a job was a difficult task in itself. "Well, we prefer young women just now with some experience. I guess we can't use you."5[5] Carrie heard this over and over again. Until finally finding a job that paid her three and a half-dollars a week working in a shoe factory. This was a grueling task working with leather non-stop in a hot stuffy overpopulated room. After becoming sick she lost her job at the shoe factory and so later on her very good friend Drouet got her a part in a theatrical performance at a Lodge. Theaters were a big thing at the time for entertainment. Many middle class people would go and see a matinee maybe once a week to have some fun. At this time in the late 1900's there wasn't much for people to do at night and on weekends except for staying at home.

A New Breed of Students :: Essays Paper

A New Breed of Students The American public school system does not prioritize the moral education of its students. As a result the majority of so-called "well educated society" is ethically challenged and morally desensitized. In Jonathan Kozol's book The Night Is Dark And I am Far From Home, Kozol develops a series of virtual indictments against the American public school system. According to Kozol students emerge both brainwashed and without a sense of purpose. In essence, many students do not understand the full potential of their intellectuality: "public education, for most children, is a twelve-year exercise of ethical emaciation" (Kozol 169). In the course of twelve years students have been sculpted to accommodate the needs of society; they have been conditioned to repress their own ethics and morality. In order to rectify this situation, schools should make the necessary adjustments to their philosophy. Instead of merely churning out "good citizens", public schools should take the time to educate "et hical human beings" for the benefit of humanity. It seems as if the typical middle class citizen is practiced in the custom of ignoring the root cause of any educational issue today. The question of integrating moral and ethical components into the school structure is virtually taboo. The national standard is to escape all topics surrounding morality (i.e. religion, racial issues, and homosexuality etc†¦). As American citizens attempt to be politically correct all the time. It would be too risquà © to start incorporating personal concepts into public institutions. Many would argue that as a country America has come incredibly far in terms of open mindedness in the past several decades. It is true that since Kozol's book was published, there have been tremendous advances in many aspects of social issues. However, resulting from this progress is the overall hesitancy to delve into any aspects of morality on an educational level. This hesitancy directly hinders the educated person from truly thinking as an individual. Throughout this essay I will refer to the terms morality and ethics on several occasions. For clarity's sake I will explain what I think they represent. Morality is a learned characteristic. Society tends to equate moralism with the church. However, morality and ethics have less to do with religion than they do with a general philosophy on living. People can be without a religion and still be looked upon as moral beings. Morality simply has to do with being able to identify the difference between right judgements and wrong judgements.

Questioning the Truth of the News Essay -- Television Newspaper Media

INTRO/PROBLEMS The window to the world can be covered by a newspaper,† this quote by Polish writer Stanislaw Lec sums up the problem with the news media. It is the job of the news media to provide the public with news events happening around the world. Without these news reports, people would be oblivious to what is going on around them. Our lives rest in the media's hands, and they are fully aware of this. The news is a very competitive business, and because of this what gets reported is not necessarily what the story is. Since there are different journalists reporting on the same events, each newspaper and newscast has its own way and style of reporting. They also have different gate keeping processes that make them unique. They may do anything to get the story, no matter whose lives they destroy. Criticizing the news has become increasingly popular recently due to the fact that the media has shifted from a positive to a negative view in the public's eyes. Since every newscast and newspaper is different, the stories that they broadcast to the public may be altered in one way or another. As the quote above illustrates, the news media do not always illustrate the world in the right perspective and can hinder the way people look at it. It seems as though it is the job of the news to report only on negative aspects of the world. Hardly ever does one see anything positive being reported. This throws everybody’s perception off about the world around them. The media influence society’s opinions rather than having people form opinions themselves. Newspapers and newscasts use a process called agenda setting to keep the public thinking about certain issues while avoiding other issues that might be more important. Agenda setting i... ..., D. (2003). So was saving private jessica a sham? Daily Mail (London), 18, 19. 8) N.A. (2004). Pentagon papers. Encarta Encyclopedia. Retrieved on April 14, 2004, from http://encyclopedia.com/html/p/pentp1ap.asp. 9) N.A. (2004). Watergate scandal. Encarta Encyclopedia. Retrieved on April 14, 2004, from http://encyclopedia.com/html/section/Watergat_TheWatergateBreak-in.asp. 10) N.A. (2001). The Pentagon papers. National Press Club. Retrieved on April 14, 2004, from http://www.vva.org/pentagon/history/history.html. 11) Perse, E. (2001). Media effects and society. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 12) Priest, D. (2003). Is jessica a war hero? The Vancouver Province, C1. 13) Todorovich, L (1997). Deep throat suspects. The Washington Post. Retrieved on April 14, 2004, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/deept.htm.

Simon Armitage – Comparison of Two Poems

Simon Armitage's poetry is basically all about regular objects and people which have been twisted to make the objects and people seem peculiar and strange. His poetry makes many people think about the poem and why it is like this. I have been studying his poetry in depth to see what is behind the poems, all together I have analysed five poems; the poem without a title which is sometimes called ‘I am very bothered'; this is about an incident involving a young boy at school in a science lab, ‘Poem' is about the good and the bad events that a man has done to his family, ‘It ain't what you do it what it does to you' is about what a person has and has not done, ‘Cataract operation' is what a person sees after they have had a cataract operation and ‘About his person' is about personal belongings found on a deceased man and how they represent his life. Many of his poems relate to each other; ‘Poem' and ‘I am very bothered' are both in sonnet form suggesting they relate to love in one way or another. In ‘I am very bothered' love is expressed through a thirteen year old boy in a science lab asking him to marry him in an extraordinary way, the incident is very ambiguous and many images are painted in the readers head with images about love but in an odd way, he uses words such as â€Å"rings† and â€Å"eternity†, these give the idea of love but Armitage uses these words to describe a boy asking someone to marry him by burning their fingers. This is very odd but Armitage has twisted the sonnet form and the love words in to make the poem a very extraordinary poem. The sonnet form is also used in ‘Poem', it is very surprising that the sonnet form is used in this poem as the reader at the end of the poem is left with hatred due to what the character in the poem has done. ‘I am very bothered' and ‘Poem' are both about treating someone badly but ‘I am very bothered' is in first person and is only about one extraordinary incident the character did when he was thirteen but ‘Poem' is in third person and is about a lifetime of what an ordinary character did right and wrong. In this poem love is expressed through the characters family; the reader can tell the character in the poem loved his family as he â€Å"praised his wife for every meal she made† and â€Å"always tucked his daughter up at night, the man seems like an ordinary family man but at the end of each stanza from the sonnet it informs the reader of what he has done wrong in his life; he â€Å"punched her in the face†, this makes the reader shocked and surprised of what the character has done in the poem. This makes the poem seem strange and peculiar. The comparison between the things the character did wrong and right is big but strange; although the character does a lot more good things than bad he is remembered for all the bad things he has done by the reader, this might be because the bad events are at the end of each stanza and the bad events are very shocking and hurtful towards his family. The poet wants the reader to think that the man is very normal, he reflects the man through the poem; the title is very ordinary and boring just like the man, the use of the word ‘and' makes the poem seem ordinary, the use of words with only one syllable makes the poem seem ordinary and the rhythm of the poem is also very plain and boring. Armitage uses iambic pentameter, he uses this in many of his poems like ‘It ain't what you do it what it does to you' and ‘Poem'. Iambic pentameter is used in many sonnets; its meaning is ten beats per line. ‘It ain't what you do it what it does to you' is a poem about what a man has and hasn't done. To describe these two things he has used two different types of language; colloquial and formal. Armitage has used colloquial language before in ‘I am very bothered', in that instance he uses it to describe what a character has done when he was thirteen, a thirteen year old would probably use colloquial language. But in ‘It ain't what you do it what it does to you' he uses colloquial language to describe what the character has not done; â€Å"bummed† and â€Å"wobbly†, this explains to the reader that it is nothing special that he has done. Armitage even uses this language in the title â€Å"Ain't†. Using formal language to describe what the character has done it gives some feel and thought into the poem â€Å"inertia†, â€Å"toyed† and â€Å"padded†. It also gives the reader a sense of wonder and awe. The structure of the poem is very plain and simple, just like you would see on a normal poem you would read; it uses four quatrains. Armitage normally uses the structure of the poem to give his poems some feel and compassion, for example using sonnets in â€Å"I am very bothered† and â€Å"Poem† but for â€Å"It ain't what you do it what it does to you† he uses a straight forward structure, it might be because he wants the reader to think the poem is very ordinary and what the character has done is very ordinary too. Throughout the final stanza of the poem there is some enjambment â€Å"tiny cascading sensation/somewhere inside us† as the lines flow from one to another, mirroring the effect of the fluid feeling â€Å"cascading sensation† he is trying to describe. There is also some enjambment in the middle of the poem describing something the character has done, â€Å"skimmed flat stones across black moss†, the enjambment gave the affect of the stones leaping like they do on black moss. The alliteration of the ‘s' does this also by using the ‘s' every two syllables. Alliteration is also used in ‘I am very bothered' in this circumstance Armitage uses alliteration to describe a burning sensation by using a ‘b' sound â€Å"Bunsen burner/branded/burning†. Some of the last stanzas in Armitage poems refer back to the title; in ‘It ain't what you do it what it does to you' the last line of the poem is â€Å"That feeling I mean†, not only is at a line which makes the reader refer back to the title it is also a type of question. It is asking the reader if they know what the character is talking about. Armitage also does this in ‘Poem'; â€Å"Sometimes he did this, sometimes he did that. † Armitage characteristically refuses to judge the man leaving the reader with a question. The last line refers back to the title in a poem called ‘Cataract operation', the last line is â€Å"I drop the blind but not before a company of half dozen hens struts through the gate, looks around the courtyard for a contact lens†, in this short passage there is two references becoming back to the cataract; one where the character drops the blind and where the hens look around the courtyard for a contact lens, in this instance an image is painted in the readers head of hens pecking around a garden just like a blind person would be doing when trying to find something. Cataract operation' is about a washing line becoming a â€Å"pantomime†; this is very economical as in just one word it illustrates how lively, colourful and entertaining the washing line is. Armitage uses a lot of metaphors to show how lively the washing line is, the metaphors give the reader a clear but strange image of what the washing line is doing; â€Å"the cancan of a rara skirt, the monkey business of a shirt. † In this passage alone there are two metaphors inside it; the skirt isn't really doing the cancan but it seems and looks like it is and the shirt is not really doing monkey business it just looks as if it is. By using metaphors it paints images inside the reader's head of what the washing line looks like, it looks alive! This is the only poem where metaphors make the ordinary extraordinary; it takes a very imaginative mind to think of metaphors. As well as the passage containing metaphors it also contains personification; the cancan is usually done by people. Personification is very rarely used in the poems Armitage writes, the poems I have read that are written by Armitage are all about people anyway so personification is not needed. There is also rhyme in ‘Cataract operation'; â€Å"hens† and â€Å"lens†, â€Å"skirt† and â€Å"shirt†. But the rhymes in the poem are disguised as they are not where you would expect them to be, Armitage may be using this to represent the poem; the poem being strange and unthinkable. The simile at the start of ‘Cataract operation' is a visual representation of the sun rising and being born for the next day â€Å"The sun comes like a head through last night's turtleneck. â€Å", this is the only simile of the poem, another simile is seen in â€Å"About his person†, this simile symbolises death â€Å"a rolled-up note of explanation planted there like a spray carnation†. These two similes are to do with two very different things even though ‘Cataract operation' and ‘About his person' are very similar poems; they both have rhyming couplets inside them and are both 20 lines wrong, but they are also very different; ‘About his person' is all about death, violence and finality but ‘Cataract operation' is about liveliness, entertainment and magic. The two similes represent this. ‘About his person' is about personal belongings found on a deceased man and how they represent his life. The language used in the poem is very plain and ordinary, maybe representing the character in the poem. The poem is basically a list of what has been found, very simple and straight forward unlike ‘Cataract operation' where it is very hard to understand what is happening. In ‘Poem' a list is also used with the repetition of the word â€Å"and†, it makes the poem seem ordinary just like ‘About his person'. End stopping words are used in the poem; â€Å"Stopped† represents the finality of the man but is used in the poem to describe an analogue watch that was found on the man. â€Å"That was everything† is also and end stopping phrase at the end of the poem, this cuts off the poem dead just like the character was. The items found on the man give the reader series of pictures or images that are factual snapshots. The choice of words in this list shows how a poet can play with multiple meanings to great effect. The title itself can be read in two ways, as can the final line. Many of the words have very violent overtones of finality – ‘expiry', ‘beheaded' – and all of these meanings are consciously worked on by the poet. These words describe objects that are found on the man, this is a bit ironic as the man that the objects are found on is dead. All the poems I have analysed that are written by Armitage all link together in one way or another. At first impressions Armitage makes his poems look extraordinary but when looked in depth the poem is actually ordinary but in a twisted way, e. g. in ‘Poem' the reader thinks that the character is a very nasty man by doing very horrible things to his family. Armitage does this by putting the nasty events the character does at the end of each line, the reader then remembers the character by what he has done wrong. But when the poem is looked into, the amount of good things the man did nicely actually overrules the things he did nastily. The character now looks like an ordinary man but as the nasty events are out of the blue it makes the reader think that the character is very malevolent. Armitage uses metaphors, similes, personification and imagery to make the poems he writes extraordinary. Imagery is the key thing in poetry, if the reader can not imagine the poem coming to life then the poem is useless, Armitage uses imagery to paint images inside reader's head that makes the poem seem strange and odd. Armitage's poetry makes the reader think twice of what is put in the poems. Colloquial and formal language is also used to describe what a character has done in a poem, if Armitage wants the reader to think that something is boring he uses colloquial language and if he wants the reader to think that something is amazing and exciting then he uses formal language. Armitage makes the reader think what he wants them to think and from this he controls the readers mind to think of something that is very extraordinary. Simon Armitage – Comparison of Two Poems Simon Armitage writes about a range of different topics. In the two poems I have chosen, he focuses on people and personal experience. I will briefly describe both poems and show how each poem reveals something about Human nature. I will begin with the poem â€Å"About his person†. This poem lists all the items a dead man had upon him when he was discovered. In many ways, these objects represent the mans life. It reads like a police report. Although the poem cannot tell us anything about the mans thoughts, it tells us a lot about the mans life. The poem is deceptively simple. There is a pun in the title. â€Å"About his person† is a formal way of saying â€Å"he had on him† but it also emphasises that the poem is about a dead person. This is an example of how Armitage uses ambiguous language. Also, his technique of colloquial language makes his poems more meaningful. Both poems are about ordinary people. Another example of ambiguous language is: â€Å"A give-away photograph stashed in his wallet, A keepsake banked in the heart of a locket†. We ask ourselves, is the photograph â€Å"stashed in his wallet† the equivalent of a keepsake in a locket, or were they two separate items. The photographs makes us think that he may have had loved ones. After all it is human nature to love someone. Armitage uses a simile in line twelve. Up until line twelve the diction is factual and plain. In line 12, he compares the note of explanation to a spray carnation. Carnations being funeral flowers, are associated with death or a funeral and reminds us that that somehow the man died. The use of language points towards how humans experience depression and even suicide. In this poem, each item is described precisely. Armitage begins the list with a normal à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.50 in the mans pocket, â€Å"exactly†. He mentions â€Å"a library card on its date of expiry†. The card is invalid. Just like the mans life it means nothing, its worthless. The poem also mentions a â€Å"mortise lock† also known as a death lock, â€Å"an analogue watch, self-winding, stopped†. These items are listed in terms of death. Could this list of deathlike items be a reason for a human to commit suicide? We are intrigued by the final line, â€Å"A final demand†, what does this mean? The postcard is also a mystery but it indicates family or loved ones. â€Å"A ring of white unweathered skin†, â€Å"No gold No silver†. Obviously, the man used to wear a ring but he no longer does. Was he divorced? Or maybe his wife died. We can link those last few lines to line six about the first of April (i.e. April fools day.) This indicates that someone was fooled. Perhaps, he was fooled by his wife. The last line, â€Å"That was everything†, finalises the poem. His whole life shown by the list, everything. The poem is structured in rhyming couplets. It is short and precise and consists of 10 â€Å"two line stanza's†. The poem has a simple form. The poet uses imagery e.g. The photo in his wallet leads us to imagine that he had loved ones. The â€Å"carnations† make us imagine a memorial service. We are born and than we die, it is nature. â€Å"No gold or silver† but a mark where a ring had once been indicates a failed relationship. He was being selfish if, he had committed suicide but we are still sympathetic. The poem gives a pessimistic outlook on life. The poem is sad, mourning and depressing. There isn't much feeling but there is a lot of meaning. The tone is deadpan. There is a slow rhythm to indicate death and sorrow. The rhyming within couplets gives an air of finality and completeness. The poem â€Å"I am very bothered† is written differently. It is like a direct confession. The colloquial language used is very appropriate. There is not much rhyme in this poem. It is quite simple just as a thirteen-year-old boy would write; he uses words such as â€Å"butterfingered†. The first stanza tells us he is bothered about many things he has done in his life and not least the time he burned her hand in the â€Å"chemistry lab†. The word chemistry makes us think of love and emotion. The poem is typical of how far a human being would go to get some-ones attention but we have to remember that the boy is only thirteen and incapable of expressing his love for the girl he wished to marry. The girl is anonymous, why? , Perhaps to avoid embarrassment. He â€Å"played the handles† of the scissors as if it were a game. An example in this poem of Armitage's ambiguous language is: the â€Å"naked lilac flame†. The two different meanings I have discove red are, the flame is unprotected and can do damage, and the boy may have been thinking of a naked girl. The writer addresses the girl as â€Å"you† as if she was present. The words â€Å"unrivalled stench† and â€Å"eternity† emphasise how serious the burning actually was. Was the boy branding the girl as his just as farmer's brand their herd â€Å"eternity† is a strong word. It means forever but it also makes us think of eternity rings. â€Å"did they meet in later like and get married? The girl will be scarred. She will always remember the incident. The poem is quite personal but also sarcastic. The poem is about forgiveness, shame and guilt. The writer manipulates us in the last stanza: â€Å"Don't believe me, please, if I say That was just my butterfingered way, at thirteen, Of asking you if you would marry me.† He asks us not to believe him but I think it is obvious that he wants us to believe him. He is felling guilty. The poem begins with and slow sorrowful rhythm but speeds up towards the end. There is a pleading, sorrowful and emotional tone. The first stanza is a bout the planning of what he will do. It is almost as if he takes a deep breath before he starts the second stanza where he actually carries out the â€Å"experiment†. It describes what he does and what happens. The third stanza is about his regrets. The poem reads like a script and there is some rhyme. As I mentioned before the word naked gives us two different images, as does the word â€Å"eternity†. Is a sign of never-ending love but we may also think of eternity rings. The poem goes from the writer finding enjoyment in what he did to his confession of what he did. The poem is an example of human nature i.e. The boy loves the girl, is uncapable of showing his feelings and so he hurts her. It seems ironic but it happens. This poem reveals that people make mistakes and usually the want forgiveness. Armitage's use of language has helped reveal a lot about human nature particularly in the second poem, which is quite typical, of what a thirteen year old boy might do to gets a girls attention.

Human Services Practice Framework

SWK141A MODULE THREE LEARNING ACTIVITY DUE 12/04/13 think about the following three broad practice contexts 1. Remote areas health policy at the national level 1. The practice context is at the macro practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be Social policy 3. The Target population includes people living in remote locations. 4. The practice approach chosen is the radical, structural and critical approach due to the focus of social action being on the system, and the outcomes on broad social change at a structural level.Chenoweth & McAuliffe ( 2008) state that the radical and structural approaches align with the social model of disability barriers create disability through social and environmental issues. therefore, change is made possible through policy and legislation affecting the whole of the remote regions. 5. Five ways further knowledge could be generated include : 1) Procedural knowledge: finding relevant legislation and policy, and promoting and engaging in actions aligned with current requirements. ) Empirical data: Collection of data from hospitals and other healthcare clinics throughout the regions. 3) Theoretical knowledge. relating to the policy outcomes 4) Practice wisdom: applied from knowledge acquired from previous experience. 5) Professional knowledge : Knowledge stemming from theoretical practice guidelines. 2. Individual counselling for gambling addiction. 1. The practice context is at the micro practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be Direct practice with individuals 3.The target population is individuals with gambling addictions. 4. A practice approach using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy may be beneficial because the target of therapy is on thinking and behavior change. It is believed that thoughts create emotions which drive behaviour, so with the focus on changing the thought process, emotional and behavioural changes can result (Gerald and Gerald, 2009). 5. Five different ways of generating knowle dge in this practice context are: 1) Practice wisdom including the use of previous systemic reflection. ) Personal reflection on how each session is progressing. 3) Empirical research from research in gambling and addictions, data and other resource information, . 4) Observation: from other practitioners. 5) Theoretical knowledge. 3. Community development to strengthen social networks in Katherine, NT. 1. The practice context is at the mezzo practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be community work 3. The target population is the people living within the Katherine, NT region. 4.A practice approach is systems and ecological perspectives because this approach is from the perspective of people interacting with different parts of their environment making it applicable for developing community development solutions. As well focus can be on improving systems within the community because this approach looks at the various systems and how they relate to each other (Cheno weth & McAuliffe. 2008). 5. Knowledge can be generated via: 1) Theoretical knowledge: theories previously shown to have positive outcomes for community development. ) Empirical knowledge: derived from statistical data on what areas are in greater need for development as well as numerous other areas of information required. 3) Procedural Knowledge: policy and legislation information is crucial to the projects outcomes in a broader context. 4) Professional knowledge: 5) Practice wisdom. REFERENCES Chenoweth, L. & McAuliffe, D. (2008). The Road to Social Work & Human Service Practice. South Melbourne, VIC: Cengage Learning. Gerald, D. & Gerald, K. (2009). Basic Personal Counselling. French Forrest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.

Psycho Analysis

ysisPsycho Final Analysis Joel Schain Film and Literature Period 3 10/2/12 Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho has been ranked as one of the top 10 best horror/suspense films of all time because of his unique way of filmmaking. Some of the many significant cinematic elements uses include internal diegetic sound, and dissolving. Internal diegetic sound was used throughout Hitchcock’s Psycho to create the illusion that Norman Bate’s mother was still alive. Only at the very end of the film do you find out what really happened to Norman’s mother, and throughout the film the audience is wondering when they will get to match the voice with her face.The internal diegetic sound appears to be Norman’s mother talking to him, when really it’s just him talking to himself. This effect leads the viewer to think that Norman’s mother is this unstable, controlling, psycho murderer when really it’s Norman all along and he just can’t accept the fact that she’s really gone. In the last scene Norman is asked a question in his prison cell and the voice of his mother replies, indicating that the mother part of him has consumed his personality.Another important cinematic element used in Psycho is the dissolve editing technique. At the very end of the film when Norman Bates is sitting in his prison cell, he slowing lifts up his head and grins, then it slowly dissolves into the face of his dead mother’s corpse, showing the viewers that they are now one. The question you find yourself asking throughout the film is, â€Å"Who is the murderer? † That question is answered at the very end when Norman and his mother dissolve into one face, proving that Norman was the crazy one all along. Psycho Analysis The Shower Scene from Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho is a crucial scene in the plot of the film. The scene itself shows the death of the main Protagonist, Marion. In this essay I am going to explore the Shower Scene in detail and show how Alfred Hitchcock created the excitement present in the scene as much by Technique as by Action and I will show how the scene is so important to Psycho as a whole. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature of Psycho is the score to the Shower Scene. The composer accountable for it is Bernard Herrmann. The Action of the scene is very fast-paced and the Music present in the scene is a direct reflection of this. The instruments present all belong to the String family; Cello, Violin, Viola and the Double Bass are all present in the Scene. This creates a very peculiar sound, no Brass instruments to create the usual ‘Noise’ affiliated with action and no Woodwind to soften the sound and calm things down. The sound is very rough, the high, screeching Violins create excitement as the action becomes more frenzied, so do the Violins. Each knife blow is accompanied by ‘screams’ by the high violins. This goes on for the duration of the attack, there is no relent until Marion is dead. This leaves the Audience lost, confused as to what exactly is going on in front of their eyes. The screaming emitted from Marion and the Violins is almost in-sync. The excitement is carried very well, the Strings are consistently battering the Audience’s eardrums with incredibly high notes, and the Strings come in fast with the knife strokes allowing no rest by the Audience. As the attacker departs and Marion slowly slides down the wall and into the bath in her dying moments, heavy Cello and Double Bass movements seem to drag her body down. The serene sound of a Shower opens and closes the Scene. This makes the Audience uneasy. It makes the Audience realise that all of this action is taking place in the most normal of places, the Bathroom. The drain gurgles at the end of the Scene; Marion’s life is effectively â€Å"going down the drain†. This is one factor of how the Excitement of the Shower Scene is created as much by Technique as by Action or Dialogue. Another Technique used to create Excitement in the Shower Scene is the way the Scene itself was Edited. The Scene is very, very fast-paced. Action is rife and the editing of the Scene carries this. The Shots quickly snap between the knife, Marion and her attacker, Mrs. Bates. This is very skilful editing as over 75 shots are used in the Scene, all skilfully snapping into the next. The fast snapping of the Shots helps the Actors in their quest to convey extreme violence on-screen. The Shots themselves seem to be frenzied, bloodthirsty in their constant snapping. The Audience is bombarded by various different images, this makes them very confused. This is what Hitchcock envisaged. The Audience cannot focus clearly on anything in the screen as nothing appears long enough to become an ‘anchor’ of sorts. The Audience are left confused, afraid of what’s actually happening. Even when the attacker departs, we do not focus on Marion long enough to take in the damage she has most certainly suffered at the hands of Mrs. Bates. The shots continually snap to various objects of interest around the room, eventually panning slowly around and into her room. The money is very clearly focused on at the very end of the Scene. We know that the money has not been touched; this throws the Audience even more. They are now deeply afraid as this was, clearly, not a murder to get the money. The Audience are left to try and figure the motive out on their own. This Scene lasts for around 45 seconds, but contains over 75 Shots. This is very skilful editing. This clever editing is another way Alfred Hitchcock conveys the Excitement in the Shower Scene as much by Technique as by Action or Dialogue. A very peculiar aspect of this Scene is the Setting. Hitchcock cleverly used the seemingly ordinary bathroom as the place of the brutal murder of the Audience’s ‘anchor’ to the plot of Psycho. Before Psycho was released, no Film Audience had seen a Bathroom, in full, in a Film. Psycho changed all that. Hitchcock used the ordinaries of the Bathroom to cause massive unease in his Audience. To the people of the 1960’s, a Bathroom was a Sanctuary. It was a place you could go to be your most vulnerable, a very private space. While in the Bathroom you are very vulnerable, but most people do not think of that when inside. When showering, you are naked. You are as vulnerable as the day you were born, no clothing to hide or protect you from the outside world. You are defenceless whilst showering and to a 1960’s Audience, to show a Bathroom on screen would be the height of disgust. For Alfred Hitchcock to use a Bathroom as the sight of a brutal murder was completely unexpected. Never before had a toilet been shown in a film, never mind a woman being murdered in her Shower. This caused huge controversy in the Public, just as Hitchcock had intended. People were left unsettled to see a woman at her most vulnerable being killed. This was the biggest intrusion on someone’s personal and private spaces ever shown in front of an Audience. This use of Setting to unsettle greatly enhanced the excitement in the Shower Scene by creating fear. This is another method used by Hitchcock to create Excitement in the Shower Scene as much by Technique as by Action or Dialogue. The Shower Scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho is important to the film as a whole due to the main protagonist, Marion being murdered. This leaves the Audience without an ‘anchor’ in the Plot and we’re forced to search for another to see where the story will lead us next. We’re later introduced to Norman Bates’ point of view in the story and he replaces Marion as our ‘anchor’ in Psycho. However, the Audience remains suspicious of Norman so he does not take on the role of protagonist like Marion. In this essay I have explored the Shower Scene in detail and shown how Alfred Hitchcock created the excitement present in the Scene as much by Techniques, such as Editing and Music, as by Action and Dialogue. I have also, in my opinion, shown how important the Scene is to the film as a whole.

Env410 Toxicology Worksheet

University of Phoenix Material Toxicology Worksheet 1. Identify the different resources available for your learning in this course. Available resources during this course includes two textbooks; â€Å"Introduction to ecotoxicology,† and â€Å"A textbook of modern toxicology. † Additional resources include various videos, complimentary transcripts to the videos, supplemental readings, the UOP online Library, and web searches. 2. Define toxicology.Toxicology is defined as that branch of science dealing with poisons. According to Hodgson (2010), a â€Å"poison can be defined as any substance that causes a harmful effect when administered, either by accident or by design, to a living organism† (p. 3). Toxicology also includes the study of harmful effects caused by physical phenomena, such as radiation of various kinds, noise,† and â€Å"the study of the detection, occurrence, properties, effects, and regulation of toxic substances,† (Hodgson, 2010, p. 3) .Rarely defined as a single molecular event, toxicity involves a cascade of events, which start with exposure, and proceeds through distribution and metabolism, and ends with the interaction of cellular macromolecules (such as DNA, or protein) and the expression of a toxic endpoint (Hodgson, 2010). 3. Define environmental toxicology. According to Hodgson (2010), environmental toxicology evaluates the movement of toxicants and their metabolites and degradation products in the environment and in food chains, and with the effect of such contaminants on individuals and, especially, populations† (p. ). A specific area of environmental toxicology dealing with the work environment is industrial toxicology (Hodgson, 2010). 4. What is the difference between environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology? The difference between environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology is that the latter integrates the effects of stressors across all levels of biological organization from the molecular, to whole communities and ecosystems. In contrast, environmental toxicology focuses upon environmental toxic effects (Silverstars, 2010). 5.What knowledge can be gained from dose-response relationships? Dose-response relationships are used to determine a dose-response curve, which quantifies the acute toxicity of a chemical. Dose-response relationships are established by comparing the dose of the administered chemical and the resulting response of the organism. Affects are recorded at defined periods of time after dosing occurs. A dose-response curve is a result of the plotted results, creating various segments. Segment I, has no slope and represents doses of the toxicant that do not evoke mortality.Segment II, represents the doses that affect only the most susceptible members of the exposed population, generally a small percentage. Segment III, reflects the doses at which the majority of the population eliciting some response to the toxicant, and is the steepest slope of all segments. Segment IV, identifies the doses of the toxicant that are toxic to even the most tolerant organisms of the population, which are generally high doses of the toxicant. Segment V, represents the doses at which all of the exposed organisms are affected, and has no slope (Hodgson, 2010).The LD50 of the toxicant is determined by using a well-defined dose-response data, logarithms and percentage effect to determine the probable units. 6. Why are the shape and slope of a dose-response curve important? The shape and slope of a dose-response curve is important because the dose-response curves are used to derive dose estimates of chemical substances. The slope of the linearized data set from a dose-response curve provides information on the specificity of the toxicant. Steep slope elicit toxicity, whereas, shallow slopes elicit nonspecific toxicity.The dose-response line also allows one to estimate the threshold dose, by defining the lowest dose expected to elicit a response. The threshold d ose is one that is lower than the greatest dose at which no affect is detected. This is generally between segments I and II (Hodgson, 2010). 7. What role do they play in environmental toxicology? This helps put toxins into exposure classes. This allows scientist to determine what level the toxins are lethal, or what levels may help prevent undesired medical conditions, such as cancer.These levels are used for regulatory purposes as well, to minimize exposure to harmful toxins and their effects on human health and the environment (Hodgson, 2010). 8. Explain LD50. LD50 refers to the dose level (concentration level) of a toxic substance (poison) required to obtain a lethal dose that kills 50% of a population under stated conditions, such as the controlled variables of the study. This level is typically normalized to the weight of the animal (milligram chemical/kilogram body weight), and the measure of acute toxicity is used to assign of toxicity to the given chemical (Hodgson, 2010). 9 . Explain LD10.LD10 refers to the dose level (concentration level) of a toxic substance (poison) required to obtain a lethal dose that kills 10% of a population under stated conditions, such as the controlled variables of the study. This level is also typically normalized to the weight of the animal (milligram chemical/kilogram body weight), and the measure of acute toxicity is used to assign of toxicity to the given chemical (Hodgson, 2010). Review the following chart and answer the following questions: Based on LD10, which toxicant is more potent? Why? Based on LD10, toxicant B is more potent because the death rate of 70% is higher than 60%.Based on LD50, which toxicant is more potent? Why? Based on LD50, toxicant B is more potent because the death rate of 85% is higher than 70%. At what dose do these toxicants have the same percentage lethality? The dose at which these toxicants have the same percentage of lethality is 0. 5mg because that dose puts the death rate for both Toxican t A and Toxicant B at 40%. Toxicology Chart DoseToxicant AToxicant B mg/kg% lethality% lethality 0. 012025 0. 052530 0. 13035 0. 54040 14550 55565 106070 507085 1007595 50095105 1,000100107 5,000105108 10,000107109

Stateless People - Illegal immigrants in the U.S Essay

Stateless People - Illegal immigrants in the U.S - Essay Example Alternatively, immigration can also be referred to instances where an individual who was previously granted a legal entry into a country stays longer than the stipulated time that he/she was allowed. Illegal immigration may also occur when the immigrants goes against the laws that they were admitted with into that particular country this maybe through the acts of engaging in illegal activities or any other action that contravenes the immigration laws of that nation. (LeMay, 2007).2 Most advanced economies nations are often faced with the problem of illegal immigration into their borders some of the immigrants end up in illegal activities like drug peddling or even terrorist attacks which negatively impact the homeland security of those specific nations. Moreover, it is also common place for these countries to receive visitors from other countries who come on visitation purposes but in the long run end up staying longer that they were legally granted thus turning out to be illegal immigrants. USA is known to be a destination for smuggling of human beings especially through the border with Mexico whereby people from as far as Latin America utilizes that route to gain access to the country with the hope of a better life owing to the stable economic condition that America has enjoyed for a considerable period of time. The issue of immigration has been so rife given the increased numbers of illegal immigration that take place across the borders annually and the federal government has to spend a considerable amount of the taxpayers money to arrest prosecute and even deport those immigrants to their respective countries of origin (Kenney, 2008).3 Illegal immigrants who cross into the territory of the United States if America are often undocumented people thus are regarded as stateless since they do not conform to any particular governing body. In essence, they are not

Self-Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self-Analysis Paper - Essay Example It is a relatively common understanding that adjustment to society is different for each individual and, based on each person’s unique life experiences, people have created different coping mechanisms to deal with complicated life events or situations. With the aforementioned in mind, the pursuit of a counseling degree seeks to satisfy a personal need to take an individual who is confused, frustrated, concerned or otherwise unable to cope and help them to rationalize the specific reasons as to why others in society behave the way they do or why the individual requiring counseling should learn self-reflection to achieve their maximum capabilities. The end result of both casual and intensive counseling will only serve to provide society with a well-adjusted individual who is able to contribute successfully in areas of business, marriage, academics or in general society as a whole. Being able to take an individual who is experiencing life difficulties and assist them to become a well-rounded and thoughtful person is the very nature of counseling and is the largest rationale for the pursuit of this degree. From many viewpoints, this is the very nature of counseling: To create positive relationships and establish, within the individual , a sense of self-understanding which helps them to achieve in a variety of situations. This is what making a difference is truly all about. According to McCarthy and Leierer (2001), an ideal counselor consists of an individual who is dedicated to serving the public welfare and is willing to create deep, meaningful relationships with people who require a helping hand. Additionally, an ideal counselor maintains nurturing traits which involves a wide variety of listening skills, mature and thoughtful discussion, and remains focused on dedicating time and resources to a single individual in the pursuit of assisting in their own self-development. The very nature of seeking this

Restoration. Michael Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Restoration. Michael - Essay Example The arrangement of the essay is also impeccable since he proposed solutions as well as the realities of their adoption are detailed following the student’s pointing out of the unsustainable monetary schemes that BP has set up to possibly mitigate the severe environmental, economic and even social challenges that resulted from the collapse of the Deep Water Oil rig. These include environmental alteration processes that seek to undo the damages of oil and any other environmental challenges. The essay however has two main challenges. The first one is the overly casual manner in which it is written making it appear to be more of an informal discussion of the matter at hand. The student barely follows the rules of grammar in this text leading to a number of spelling errors in the essay. Another mistake that was made is the mention of organizations purely by means of their acronyms. These include BP and NOAA which stand for British Petroleum and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. If the student minimizes on these minor issue, his or her essays will definitely improve in

Management accounting- R-11 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Management accounting- R-11 - Assignment Example Private organisations tend to have smoother management control process whereas public organisations experience more turbulence, conflicts and interruptions. Many scholars attribute these differences to the roles and purpose of private and public organisations in the society. Private organisations produce and sell products to consumers in the markets with objective of creating shareholders’ wealth. On the other hand, public organisations, such as state health centers and public schools undertake their operations for public interests. The distinct roles mean that there are diverse kinds of expectations and accountability that may can call for distinctive management control and decision-making processes (Ring & Perry. 1985). The problem of exercising management control in private sector versus public sector The contextual influence in the exercise of management control arises from the role of an organisation in the society. Whereas private organisations are means for creating sha reholders’ wealth, public organisations are instruments of public policy. The functions of each sector dictate the governance and leadership arrangements that are necessary to exercise management control for different diverse types of owners and shareholders. The approach to governance adopted in each sector subject general managers in each sector to different demands and expectations, which have far-reaching impact on exercise of management control. The role of each sector dictate ways of dealing with clients and users of services or goods offered in different ways, and this may also influence how management control is exercised. Public organisations are constrained in ways that limit how they exercise their management control and strategic choices being made. In most cases, discussions of how management control should be pursued in public organisations are subject to public disclosure. The government passes legislative mandates which tend t affect budgets and budgeting proc ess in a public organisation. As cited by Ring and Perry (1985), managers or leaders of public organisations are required to conform to budgets and legislative mandates passed by the state. As such, this is likely to limit the amount of money available for research on how to exercise management effectively. These mandates may even limit managers of public corporations from spending money on data collection and research thus influencing decision making process negatively. Management team of most public corporations must report to oversight committees, whose occupants are often political appointees, who are prone to leaking organisation’s undertakings and progress. This influences planning and management process in a negative way. These influences make management control problematic in public corporations than in for-profit organisations (Nutt, 2005). The external environment influences any organisation. Some of the attributes of external environment include cooperation, compet ition, political influence, cooperation and data availability. Private organisations can assess market situations through consumer buying behavior thereby enabling them to effectively manage their actions. Public organisations lack markets which can be source of revenue. As such, they depend on funds from oversight bodies that have tendency of setting reimbursement rules for the products or services offered by a public organisa

Pros and cons of inserting a chip or radio frequency identification Essay

Pros and cons of inserting a chip or radio frequency identification device into an individual - Essay Example Our comfort factor in swiping credit cards or tapping cellular phones at certain POS shows that we think nothing these days of the personal information that it shared with others. Knowing all these factors, I cannot help but wonder as to why there is so much discussion over the pros and cons of implanting an RFID chip just under our skin when such technology is meant to insure that we will get ample and accurate medical care each time we pay a visit to the doctor or the emergency room. It creates an almost perfect healthcare system for us in that way. Companies like VeriMed, who are tasked with the creation of these ID chips assure the patients that procedure for implanting the chip and the accompanying stored information pose no danger to the patient. In fact, listening to their explanation about the importance of the microchip implant is quite logical. VeriMed representatives (â€Å"Patient: For Patients, Caregivers and Loved Ones,† n.d.) assure the patients that it is : .. the first and only FDA-approved patient identification system that uses an implantable microchip. While that may sound like science fiction, its really down-to-earth, common sense when it comes to your life. About the size of a grain of rice and inserted just under your skin in the back of your right arm, each VeriMed microchip contains a unique identification number that emergency personnel may scan to immediately identify you and access your personal health information - facilitating appropriate treatment with less delay. Such an argument actually makes sense when you think about it because in emergency situations wherein the patient is incapable of answering doctor and nurse questions, a mere scan of the chip will tell the doctors exactly what they need to know about their patient. With the chips ability to â€Å"speak† for the patient in a way, a patient is